论文中英文大小写、数字与标点的正确撰写方式

更新时间:2021-09-24

  大小写  

1. 专有名词要大写。如:
the Earth  地球     
the Moon  月亮

2. 河流、省份、县(区)等两个以上名字在一起时,river, province, country要小写。如:
the Yangtze and Yellow rivers   长江和黄河
Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces   江浙
Changping and Yanqing counties   昌平县和延庆县

3. 有些单词要特别注意其大小写,因为其大写时为特指。如:
West  西方 (指欧美国家)
East  东方 (指亚洲国家)
Northeast   东北三省

4. 复合词,即用连字符的连字要大写时,连字符前后两个字都大写。如:
Three-Flavour Study   三味书屋

5. 英文诗歌每一行的第一个字母要大写,除非作者强调自己的风格。

6. 官衔与人名一起时官名大写。如:
Premier Zhou Enlai   周恩来总理
Foreign Minister Qian Qichen   钱琪琛外长

  数字  
1. 在正文中,数字10以下用英语拼出,10以上(包括10)用阿拉伯数字。如:
the 10th lunar month, the second lunar month

2. 带小数点的数字全部用阿拉伯数字表示。如:
3.1416和0.35等。

3. 句首的数字一定要用英文拼出。数字超过1000,必须表达为1,000。

4. 数字不转行。

5. 长度表达。km, m和cm等与前面的数字之间要空格。如:
1,000 km,而不要连在一起。


  标点符号  
1. 撇号
(1)以s结尾的名词只加撇号,不加s。如:
my boss' office     Keats' poems
(2)表示数字、符号、字母或词形本身的复数。如:
His 7's look like 9's.
Make sure that your t's look different from your x's.
The teacher had only four A's in his class.
You have used too many and's in your themes.

2. 冒号
(1)冒号后面若是独立句子,则句首字母大写或小写皆可,但一本书必须统一;若是词组则小写。如:
The string section consists of four instruments: violin, viola, cello, and bass.
Judges have a double duty: They(或they)must protect the innocent and punish the guilty.
(2)信件或演说词中的称呼语之后美语用冒号。如:
Dear Sir: /Ladies and Gentlemen:
英国英语则多用逗号。如:
Dear Sir,/Ladies and Gentlemen,
(3)美语中用于时与分之间(英国用法中多用句点)、比率数之间、《圣经》的章与节之间。如:
The plane will take off at 16:30.
You will find it in Genesis 2:4-7.

3. 引号
(1)美国用法:先用双引号,双引号内用单引号;所引用的内容,不管是句子还是短语,逗号、句号等标点都位于引号内。如:
On January 1, 1863, Lincoln declared the slaves “forever free.”
The witness said, “I distinctly heard him say, ‘Don't be late,’ and then heard the door closed.”
(2)英国用法: 先用单引号,再用双引号;所引用的内容,如果是词组,逗号、句号等标点位于引号外,如果是句子,逗号、句号等标点位于引号内。如:
The word ‘bread’, for example, has both standard and slang meanings.
The witness said, ‘I distinctly heard him say, “Don't be late,” and then heard the door closed.’


来源:语言学研究网

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